121 Signal Battalion under Eastern Command, No. In this role, he oversaw operations in north-eastern Myanmar, which led to tens of thousands of ethnic minority refugees fleeing the eastern Shan province and the Kokang region, along the Chinese border. [citation needed], In accordance with the agreement reached at Kandy Conference in September 1945, the Tatmadaw was reorganised by incorporating the British Burma Army and the Patriotic Burmese Forces. His political influence and social media presence increased as the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) led the government. Myanmar's powerful military has taken control of the country in a coup and declared a state of emergency, following the detention of Aung San Suu Kyi and other senior government leaders in. GlobalFirepower.com (GFP) takes a rather conventional approach to hull classifications regarding per-country naval assets. The Helicopter Carrier primarily supports rotorcraft and may offer facilities for the operation of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) fixed-wing aircraft such as the F-35 and AV-8B 'jump jets'. It then held a controversial constitutional referendum without the participation of any opposition group, and only two days after Cyclone Nargis swept across the country. Border Guard Forces, BGFs (23 battalions). Ranking the military powers of the Southeast Asian region by country, from strongest to weakest. Mya Tun Oo has been appointed defence minister. By 2000, a signal battalion is attached to each Regional Military Command and signal companies are now attached to Light Infantry Divisions and Military Operations Commands. As Myanmar faces an uncertain future with the state of emergency, he has cemented his power and taken charge of the country. Myanmar Ranked 22 of 26 for comprehensive power, with an overall score of 7.5 out of 100. In 1985, a foreign journalist with the rare experience of seeing Burmese soldiers in action against ethnic insurgents and narco-armies was "thoroughly impressed by their fighting skills, endurance and discipline". [9] The judgement was echoed in 1983, when another observer noted that "Myanmar's infantry is generally rated as one of the toughest, most combat seasoned in Southeast Asia". [7][8] It has played the most prominent part in Myanmar's struggle against the 40 or more insurgent groups since 1948 and acquired a reputation as a tough and resourceful military force. Myanmar has appointed Lt Gen Soe Htut as home affairs minister. The US sanctioned him twice - in 2019 for his alleged role in "ethnic cleansing" and human rights violations, and in July 2020 the UK also imposed sanctions on him. In 1942, BIA assisted Japanese Army in their conquest of Burma, which succeeded. This arrangement also gave the Tatmadaw the de facto power to veto any constitutional reforms put forward by civilian legislators. According to advisers, the pair had not spoken for at least a year. 1 Signal Battalion and No.1 Signal Training Battalion. France has 450,000 people in its military, with 270,000 in active service. However, the historic 2015 election victory for the National League for Democracy (NLD) brought Aung San Suu Kyi to power instead. For example, 314th Artillery Battery is under 44th LID, 326 Artillery Battery is attached to 5th MOC, 074 Artillery Battery is under the command of ROC (Bhamo) and 076 Artillery Battery is under North-Eastern RMC. Myanmar exerts less influence in the region than expected given its available resources, as indicated by the countrys negative power gap score. For an in-depth overview of current leading naval powers of the world, including active inventories and strengths, consult the, World Directory of Modern Military Warships (www.WDMMW.org). Which countries in the region rely most on trade withMyanmar? With Aung Sang Suu Kyi as the de facto head of state, Min Aung Hlaing appeared to become more publicly involved in politics. Two coalitions, up to seven nations each - who would win? The defenders of the military in Myanmar overwhelmingly hail from the ethnic Bamar majority, who view themselves as the rightful heirs to Burmas past kingdoms. [citation needed]. 515 Signal Battalion under Southeastern Command. [12] Even the Thai people, not known to praise the Burmese lightly, have described the Myanmar Army as "skilled in the art of jungle warfare".[13]. MOC are similar to mechanised infantry divisions in Western armies, each with 10 regular infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), a headquarters, and organic support units including field artillery. Between 1958 and 1962, the medical corps was restructured and all Camp Reception Stations were reorganised into Medical Battalions. [8][17], No. In 1956, No. The act of waging (and sustaining) a prolonged conflict requires a massive financial commitment from all parties involved. The ruling military changed the name from Burma to Myanmar in 1989 and "Myanmar" has been increasingly used since then. The USA is ranked first out of 138 countries holding a PwrIndx rating of 0.0606. The Bureau of Special Operations ( ) in the Myanmar Army are high-level field units equivalent to field armies in Western terms and consist of two or more regional military commands (RMC) commanded by a lieutenant general and six staff officers. In the 2022 edition of the Asia Power Index, Myanmar dropped one place to 22nd. Gen Min Aung Hlaing, 64, initiated the coup on Monday and has since been appointed Myanmars leader for the next year. In 1943, Japan officially declared Burma an independent nation, but the new Burmese government did not possess de facto rule over the country. [22] Classified in the army's service as a light tank, the Cascavel is currently deployed in the eastern Shan State and triangle regions near the Thai border. [citation needed]. 1 Artillery Battalion was formed in 1952 with three artillery batteries under the Directorate of Artillery Corps. But the English translations of titles are different according to the branch. BSO-2 was to oversee operations under the Southeastern Command, Southwestern Command, Western Command and Central Command. Further procurements were made, including several hundred Type 85 and Type 92 armoured personnel carriers (APC). [5] It has clashed against ethnic and political insurgents since its inception in 1948. After ruling the country with an iron fist for almost two decades, the Tatmadaw single-handedly drafted a new constitution in 2008. It is used to weathering international criticism most recently over the atrocities it committed against the Rohingya in 2017 and believes it can rule the country as it pleases. BSS, based in Mingalardon, had nine sections: Administration Troop, Maintenance Troop, Operating Troop, Cipher Troop, Lineman and Dispatch Rider Troop, NBSD Signals Troop, SBSD Signals Troop, Mobile Brigade Signals Toop and Arakan Signals Toop. BSTS based in Pyain Oo Lwin was formed with Operating Cipher Training Troop, Dispacth Rider Training Troop, Lineman Training Troop, Radio Mechanic Training Troop and Regimental Signals Training Troop. With its significantly increased personnel numbers, weaponry, and mobility, today's Tatmadaw Kyee (()) is a formidable conventional defence force for the Union of Myanmar. During the 2007 monk-led popular protests known internationally as the saffron revolution, he took charge of restoring order in Yangon after weeks of unrest in a crackdown that killed dozens of people. The rank insignia of Myanmar Police Force are the insignia of Myanmar Armed Forces with different colours and with different titles. Min Aung Hlaing assumed all state power for this period in his capacity as commander-in-chief, and immediately prioritised the alleged electoral irregularities. Scoressection. His father, Lt Col Maung Lwin, was minister of foreign affairs from 1969 to 1970. On 27 January Min Aung Hlaing warned that "the constitution shall be abolished, if not followed", citing example of previous military coups in 1962 and 1988. The new constitution preserved the militarys control over the government by reserving 25 percent of all seats in national and local parliaments for serving military officials. The most serious problem was the tension between ethnic Karen Officers, coming from the British Burma Army and Bamar officers, coming from the Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF). Hundreds were arrested. The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel. Armed military soldiers in a car in downtown Yangon. Similarly, they can support rotorcraft and operate independently or as part of the main fighting fleet. The Office of the chief of Air Defence () is one of the major branches of Tatmadaw. This led many to believe that the US and the rest of the international community may once again fail to hold the Tatmadaw to account for its undemocratic actions. In Myanmar Armed Forces, insignia-wearing staffs are commonly referred to as Saya (, lit. Its newly acquired military might was apparent in the Tatmadaw's dry season operations against Karen National Union (KNU) strongholds in Manerplaw and Kawmura. Three new ROCs were created in Kalay, Bhamo and Mongsat. Myanmar's Coup and Its Aftermath, Explained. . Nuclear powers like the United States (US), Russia and India occupy the top four sports. 3. . Working Papers Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, The Defence of Thailand (Thai Government issue), p.15, April 1995, 19601961 campaign at the ChinaBurma border, Chinese Nationalist troops who fled to Burma, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Office of the Chief of Air Defence (Myanmar), Defence Services Command and General Staff College, Military Institute of Nursing and Paramedical Science, Military Computer And Technological Institute, Military Technological College-MTC, Pyin Oo Lwin, Official site of Commander-in-Chiefs Office of the Myanmar Armed Forces, International Institute for Strategic Studies, "Taint of 1988 still lingers for rebooted student militia", Center for Strategic and International Studies, "Myanmar allocates 1/4 of new budget to military", "Myanmar-Army Regional Military Commands", "How Myanmar's shock troops led the assault that expelled the Rohingya", "Burmanet " Jane's Intelligence Review: Radio active Desmond Ball and Samuel Blythe", http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htada/articles/20081229.aspx?comments=Y, http://www.enotes.com/topic/Myanmar_Armed_Forces, "Inside Myanmar's Army: 'They See Protesters as Criminals', Role of officers in Burmese Army (Part 1), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myanmar_Army&oldid=1149647781, Karen majority + other Non-Bamar Nationalities [commanded by then Lieutenant Colonel Saw Chit Khin [Karen officer from British Burma Army]), Bamar / former members of Patriotic Burmese Forces, Bamar / former members of Patriotic Burmese Force Commanded by the then, Bamar / former members of Patriotic Burmese Force, Karen / former members of British Burma Army and ABRO, Kachin / former members of British Burma Army and ABRO, Chin / former members of British Burma Army and ABRO. [citation needed] Typical armoured divisions in the Myanmar Army are composed of Headquarters, Three Armored Tactical Operations Command each with one mechanised infantry battalion equipped with 44 BMP-1 or MAV-1 Infantry Fighting Vehicles, Two Tank Battalions equipped with 44 main battle tanks each, one armoured reconnaissance battalion equipped with 32 Type-63A Amphibious Light Tanks, one field artillery battalion and a support battalion. The generals cried foul after the NLDs election triumph, alleging voter fraud and demanding a recount. With half a million soldiers, at least on paper, Myanmar has the world's 38th strongest military, according to Global Fire Power, which ranks 140 nations on their capability to wage war. There were 337 infantry battalions, including 266 light infantry battalions as of 2000. 'little teacher'). The force is headed by the Commander-in-Chief of Myanmar Army (()), currently Vice-Senior General Soe Win, concurrently Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Services ( ), with Senior General Min Aung Hlaing as the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services (). It also introduced the infamous Burmese Way to Socialism an ideology that resulted in unprecedented economic devastation and Myanmars near-total isolation from the international community. The Myanmar Army acquired about 150 refurbished EE-9 Cascavel armoured cars from an Israeli firm in 2005. Myanmars lowest measure is defence networks, for which it places 25th, higher only than Papua New Guinea. Two Regional Operations Commands (ROC) were formed in Myeik and Loikaw to improve command and control. Share on Facebook. Sydney loses ranking as Australia's biggest city. In 2011, following a transition from military government to civilian parliamentary government, the Myanmar Army imposed a military draft on all citizens: all males from age 18 to 35 and all females from 18 to 27 years of age can be drafted into military service for two years as enlisted personnel in time of national emergency. RMCs are similar to corps formations in Western armies. In modern navies, Aircraft Carriers represent the flagship of the fleet, making them vital assets. Threat of Myanmar coup was never far away, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Why Myanmar protesters see Aung San Suu Kyi as their greatest hope video explainer. The published content of the pages contained herein is unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse in any form. Min Aung Hlaing was famously uncooperative with the civilian government and was said to be particularly resentful of Aung San Suu Kyis continued popularity. Later on Monday, military-owned Myawaddy TV announced that the armed forces had taken control of the countrys political institutions and that First Vice President U Myint Swe, now serving as interim president, had transferred full authority executive, legislative, and judiciary to Commander-in-Chief Min Aung Hlaing for one year. The RMCs, commanded by major general, are managed through a framework of Bureau of Special Operations (BSOs), which are equivalent to field army group in Western terms. . The first ranking was released in 2006. The Government Gazette reported that 1.8trillion kyat (about US$2billion), or 23.6 percent of the 2011 budget was for military expenditures.[6]. In 1961 when SE Command was formed, Sein Win was transferred from former Southern Command but was moved to Central Command and replaced with Thaung Kyi then. The support battalion is composed of an engineer squadron, two logistic squadrons, and a signal company. Then, on March 2, the Karen National Union (KNU), one of Myanmar's largest ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), announced that 12 soldiers had deserted the Tatmadaw - the official name of . Brigadier General Tun Ye was the regional commander of the Eastern Command for three years and before that he served in Northeastern Command areas as commander of Strategic Operation Command (SOC) and commander of Light Infantry Divisions for four years. 'State's employee'. Those departments that don't use the military-like uniform system, use the pin badges with rank insignia (example: This page was last edited on 14 April 2023, at 00:12. Cracks appeared along the lines of ethnic background, political affiliation, organisational origin and different services. "Message of Greetings from Commander in Chief of Defence Services Senior General Min Aung Hlaing on the occasion of the 75th Anniversary Diamond Jubilee of Armed Forces Day on 27 March 2020", "File image of Myanmar Army's deputy commander-in-chief, Vice Senior General Soe Win", "Myanmar New Appointed Home Affair Minister", "Lt-Gen Thet Pon (left) and Maj-Gen Nyunt Win Swe (right)", "Lt-Gen Min Naung who will continue to participate in the peace process", "Myanmar's Army Chief General Min Aung Hlaing 2nd-r waves as he leaves a ceremony to mark the 67th anniversary of Armed Forces Day in Myanmar's Capital Naypyitaw", "Parade of the 76th Anniversary Armed Forces Day held;Chairman of the State Administration Council Commanderin-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Maha Thray Sithu Min Aung Hlaing delivers address", A civil servant stands outside the Eastern Yangon General Administration Department office in Thingangyun Township. In 1990, it was further upgraded to lieutenant general. Currently there are six Bureaus of Special Operations in the Myanmar order of battle. In 2000, Command, Control and Communication system of Myanmar Army has been substantially upgraded by setting up the military fibre optic communication network managed by Directorate of Signal throughout the country. Natural Gas represented in 'cubic meters'. Currently there are 5 Armoured Operations Commands under Directorate of Armoured Corps in the Tatmadaw order of battle. That all changed Monday, when the military seized power in a coup, arrested 75-year-old Suu Kyi, cut internet services and took news channels off the air. That transition eventually allowed Myanmar to escape the international sanctions that had isolated the regime for years, hindering foreign investment. Part of the Military Factory network of sites that includes, 2023 www.GlobalFirepower.com All Rights Reserved Content 2006-2023 (17yrs), the World Directory of Modern Military Aircraft, the World Directory of Modern Military Warships. Satellite communication links are also provided to forward-deployed infantry battalions. Meanwhile, the Biden Administration in Washington declined to refer to Mondays events in Myanmar as a coup in its official statement, likely due to its fear of losing influence with Naypyidaw, which it wants to cultivate in its own geopolitical competition with Beijing. news from "cincds.gov.mm" (Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services), for example: Myanmar police chief Major General Zaw Win cautions reporters in Naypyidaw to accept only information that the police confirm about the killing of prominent rights attorney Ko Ni, Feb. 1, 2016. These two companies were merged on 1 November 1950 to become No. When the generals seized full power in Myanmar on Feb. 1, curtailing a decade-long experiment with limited democratic reforms, they surely did not expect that it would ignite so much resistance. As renowned Burmese historian Thant Myint-U observes in his recent book, The Hidden History of Burma: Race, Capitalism, and the Crisis of Democracy in the 21st Century, The modern state of Burma was born as a military occupation.. The USDP made allegations of widespread electoral fraud. Myanmar coup. Anti-coup protesters gesture with a three-fingers salute, a symbol of resistance during a demonstration in Thaketa township Yangon, Myanmar, Saturday, March 27, 2021. HQ Burma Signals was located within War Office. on the Network Power map. End-use products reflect a given nation's ability to produce products through manufacturing, industry, and / or agriculture. These battalions are organised under three Tactical Operations Commands (TOC; Nee byu har). Myint Swe is a close ally of the former military leader Than Shwe, who stepped down to allow the transition to a quasi-civilian government beginning in 2011. He has been a prominent figure in the armed forces for almost a decade. Despite the change, he ensured the Tatmadaw continued to hold 25% of parliamentary seats and crucial security-related cabinet portfolios, while resisting the NLD's attempts to amend the constitution and limit military power. All the government employees are called "civil service personnel" (, lit. Pecentages below are not part of overall strength above but rather relative to each category presented below. More than 100 people are feared to have been killed in Tuesday's airstrike by the Myanmar military, one of the deadliest so far in the civil war. The early morning arrest of regional MP Pa Pa Han was live streamed on Facebook by her husband. Min Aung Hlaing rose steadily through the ranks of the Tatmadaw, Myanmar's powerful military . Myanmar is ranked 38 of 145 out of the countries considered for the annual Global Firepower review. The foreign minister, U Wunna Maung Lwin (far left) attends an Asean session in Kuala Lumpur in 2015. mass killings, gang-rapes and widespread arson, the military arrested the civilian leader. (Teza Hlaing / Frontier), / photo- myo kyaw kyaw, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_ranks_of_Myanmar&oldid=1149712638. Some of the LID battalions have been given Parachute and Air Borne Operations training and two of the LIDs have been converted to mechanised infantry formation with divisional artillery, armoured reconnaissance and tank battalions[8], LIDs are considered to be a strategic asset of the Myanmar Army, and after the 1990 reorganisation and restructuring of the Tatmadaw command structure, they are now directly answerable to Chief of Staff (Army). This arrangement gave the Tatmadaw complete financial independence and allowed it to easily resist any international and domestic calls for reform for years. He studied law before entering military service in the 1970s and steadily rose through the ranks to become the commander-in-chief in 2011. The finalized Global Firepower ranking below utilizes over 60 individual factors to determine a given nation's PowerIndex ('PwrIndx') score with categories ranging from quantity of military units and financial standing to logistical capabilities and geography. Beginning in 1990, the Tatmadaw procured 18 T-69II main battle tanks and 48 T-63 amphibious light tanks from China. It is a tri-service bureau with units from all three branches of the armed forces. In 1989, Directorate of Medical Services has significantly expanded along with the infantry. The rank insignia of Myanmar Armed Forces is the basic form for all other rank insignia in Myanmar. 77th Light Infantry Division was formed on 6 June 1966, followed by 88th Light Infantry Division and 99th Light Infantry Division in the two following years. The Armed Forces has a unique general officer rank: Vice-senior general (Burmese: , romanized:Dautaiya bauila khayupa mahkar), a rank between the five-star rank of Senior general and the four-star rank of General/Admiral. At the time of independence in 1948, the medical corps has two Base Military Hospitals, each with 300 beds, in Mingalardon and Pyin Oo Lwin, a Medical Store Depot in Yangon, a Dental Unit and six Camp Reception Stations located in Myitkyina, Sittwe, Taungoo, Pyinmana, Bago and Meikhtila. France, Score: 0.17. So what is behind the Tatmadaws enduring control over Myanmars political system? The GFP analysis reflects their importance in modern naval warfare. Hover over the various color-coded sections in the bar below for details on each category. The rank insignia of its officers are the same as that of Myanmar Police Force but with different titles. The military has been the most powerful institution in Myanmar since the countrys independence from Britain in 1948. [14], The first army division to be formed after the 1988 military coup was the 11th Light Infantry Division (LID) in December 1988 with Colonel Win Myint as commander. 11 Signal Battalion under Northeastern Regional Military Command, No. In the early hours of February 1, Myanmars security forces detained a number of senior elected political leaders, chief ministers, and activists in the capital, Naypyidaw, and across the country. Myanmar Military Power 2023 Global Ranking. The Tatmadaw (Burmese: ; MLCTS: tapma.tau, IPA: [tamd], lit. Myanmar is a minor power in Asia. Since ousting Myanmar's civilian leadership last month, setting off nationwide protests, it has only sharpened its savage reputation, killing more than 420 people and assaulting, detaining or. [8][17], Missile, Artillery and armoured units were not used in an independent role, but were deployed in support of the infantry by the Ministry of Defence as required. A dramatic expansion of forces under these directorates followed with the equipment procured from China, Russia, Ukraine and India. Tensions reportedly rose further after Novembers election defeat in which the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development party (USDP) was humiliated. Units of 101st LID were deployed during the purge of Military Intelligence faction in 2004. A year later, 101st LID was formed in Pakokku with Colonel Saw Tun as commander. Each consists of 4 Infantry battalions (Chay Hlyin Tatyin), HQ and organic support units. This provides the final ranking while also allowing smaller, more technologically-advanced, nations to compete with larger, lesser-developed ones. In late 1998, two new MOCs were created in Bokepyin and Mongsat.[15]. Under the new constitution, which is still in force today, the military also maintained its control over the countrys mining, oil and gas industries, thus ensuring a continuous flow of resources. [11] Other observers during that period characterised the Myanmar Army as "the toughest, most effective light infantry jungle force now operating in Southeast Asia". Read about our approach to external linking. Entries below showcase broadly similar fighting capabilities according to the GFP formula. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Share on Twitter. These ten battalions are organised into three Tactical Operations Commands: one Mechanised Tactical Operations Command with BTR-3 armoured personnel carriers, and two Motorized Tactical Operations Command with EQ-2102 6x6 trucks. The Armour Corps within Myanmar Army was the most neglected one for nearly thirty years since the Tatmadaw had not procured any new tanks or armoured carriers since 1961. Some forms are mission-specific, focusing on airspace deterrence or submarine hunting as primary roles. People's Militia Groups, PMGs (46 groups), 6 Light Field artillery battalion equipped with. Coal represented in 'metric tons'. The ministry oversees police, prisons and intelligence. Each Artillery Operation Command is composed of the following:[citation needed], As of 2000, the Artillery wing of the Tatmadaw has about 60 battalions and 37 independent Artillery companies/batteries attached to various Regional Military Commands (RMC), Light Infantry Divisions (LID), Military Operation Command (MOC) and Regional Operation Command (ROC). In 2019, the US imposed sanctions on him and three other military officers. Between 1995 and 2002, Chief of Staff (Army) jointly held the position of Chief of BSO. Only a few select nations maintain an aircraft carrier as part of their surface fleet. Lt Gen Soe Htut, 60, is a career soldier and was head of Myanmars military intelligence before being appointed to head the home affairs ministry in March 2020, a position he retained on Monday. In 2016 and 2017, the military intensified a crackdown on the Rohingya ethnic minority in the northern Rakhine state, leading to many Rohingya Muslims fleeing Myanmar. The military, which views itself as the guardian of national unity, however, is not expected to heed these calls any time soon. Military ruler: General Min Aung Hlaing, armed forces chief. In 1988, the Burmese people, led by student activists, staged nationwide protests against economic mismanagement by the military and demanded democratic reforms. [citation needed], Armoured divisions, known as Armoured Operations Command (AROC), under the command of Directorate of Armour Corps, were also expanded in number from one to two, each with four Armoured Combat battalions equipped with Infantry fighting vehicles and armoured personnel carriers, three tank battalions equipped with main battle tanks and three Tank battalions equipped with light tanks. Two years since the military took power in Myanmar, violence has grown to counter widespread armed struggle against its rule. Deterrence or submarine hunting as primary roles two coalitions, up to seven nations each - who win. 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